The proposals, which include criminal charges for employing what Putin labelled effective "slave" labour, came just days after he wrote that migrants wishing to work in Russia should pass language, history and law tests.

"We are proposing to ban entry into Russia for a period of five to 10 years -- and maybe for a more extensive term -- for those who have been caught committing repeated gross violations of migration legislation or have been deported after a court order," Putin said.

Speaking at the offices of the Federal Migration Service, he said those who employ illegal migrants should face criminal charges as opposed to fines.

"Sanctions against those who provoke illegal immigration must be strengthened," he said in televised remarks.
"This concerns both individuals and legal entities -- those who hire people without any permits and essentially use them as powerless slaves."

Of around 9.2 million foreigners residing in Russia, around four million were illegally employed even though they were registered with the authorities, Putin said, adding that more highly-qualified, skilled workers needed to be attracted.

Russia should not be a country "which anyone can enter whenever and however," he said.
Putin, who is seeking to win back his old Kremlin job in a presidential election on March 4, released on Monday a far-ranging manifesto warning against attempts to stir up ethnic discord.
But he also said migration laws should be toughened up in a move seen as targeting labour migrants from impoverished ex-Soviet Central Asia who have moved to Russia in recent years in search of better pay.

Some analysts said Putin's pre-election bid openly flirted with xenophobia and sought to hijack the nationalist slogans of activists who have joined the protest movement against the strongman's 12-year rule.

Anti-corruption campaigner Alexei Navalny -- who has emerged as one of the leaders of the protest movement -- last year attended the annual "Russian March" where nationalists shouted slogans against migrants to Russia.

Many in Russia -- where Orthodox Christianity is the dominant religion -- chafe at the increased numbers of Muslim migrants and some of their traditions like slaughtering sheep in public.
"During (Islamic) holidays people in large cities, local residents already prefer to stay indoors. How about that? Where are we heading?" Putin said.

"This destabilises our own society," he said in comments released by the government.
Introducing visa regimes with ex-Soviet countries was not an option however, otherwise Moscow risked "losing them," Putin said, adding the migration service would have to err on the side of caution in its task to curb illegal migration.

"You can't brandish an axe to kill a fly, you have to be very careful here."